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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different varieties can produce different flavors. Find out more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica that is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a sweeter and tarter flavor, and are often added to coffee beans for sale blends to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica is the most well-known coffee in the world with 75% of the global coffee bean production. Arabica beans have a sweeter and less sour taste than Robusta, and come with a variety of flavor profiles. The aroma and taste of coffee are influenced by the conditions under which it is grown as well as the processing methods employed.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word that means the berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that grow in bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were energized by eating these berries. The cultivation of coffee grew rapidly all over the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes, and they are capable of thriving in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the reasons that Arabica is considered to be the best tasting coffee.

Many specialty coffee roasters and shops insist on finding their arabica beans in a sustainable manner by focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable cultivation practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique specialty coffees, which can be used in many different brewing techniques. Blending allows control over the aroma, taste, body and acidity of coffee. It is often utilized to create an even and balanced taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most popular kind of coffee bean in the world. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against diseases and pests. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation in the coffee's brewing process and cause undesirable flavors.

The plant is more resilient than the arabica and may grow in less favorable conditions. It can withstand warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sun. It produces more coffee per plant and grows more quickly than arabica. This makes it a more economically viable crop to cultivate.

While it may seem counterintuitive, Robusta beans are often blended with arabica beans to create coffee blends. If you see names such as Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag it's possible there's also some robusta.

The majority of roasters make use of a mix of arabica and coffee beans in order to cut costs and maintain the quality. To preserve the integrity of flavor, you should choose a high quality bean to cup coffee beans (visit the next page) from a reliable source. The best method to achieve this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape like a football, that makes them different from other coffee beans. They have a smell that is floral, fruity and smokey. They are often added to other types of coffee beans to give them a richer and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans can be found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They are adaptable to humid, hot climates and can thrive at low altitudes. They also have a more resistant to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect to grow at home. You can find the seeds on the internet from several sources, but it's recommended to purchase locally-owned producers to ensure the quality coffee beans of the beans. The best growing conditions for Liberica coffee plants include fertile deep volcanic soils that have a moderately acidic pH and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa which was originally considered a separate species but was later re-classified to be a variation of Liberica. These coffee beans are ovals that are grown on large 20-30 foot coffee plants that are located at medium altitudes. They have a unique taste that is both tart and fruity that makes them a popular choice for blends in house. They are also less pronounced in scent and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta yet still have an unusual richness of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as well-known as Arabica and Robusta although they're fourth popular. They were actually regarded as an entirely different species of coffee up until 2006, at which point they were reclassified to be a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. The coffee beans have the shape of a teardrop and possess a dark, mysterious taste. These beans are often utilized to give blends extra body and a sweet tart flavor of ripe fruits.

Arabica beans are the most popular, and are known for having a sweeter taste. They thrive in warm, tropical climates and at high altitudes. They are slightly acidic. If they are brewed correctly and roast properly they may have notes like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most sought-after coffee worldwide, and makes up around 40% of the coffee consumed worldwide. Robusta beans are smaller and more round but they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They are also more bitter than the other two varieties and have a woody, earthy taste.

Now that you've learned the four most popular types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select your perfect brew. If you prefer a smooth and delicate flavor go for an arabica bean or a blend comprised of robusta beans and arabica beans.