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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a lover of coffee you're likely to know that different varieties of beans have different flavor profiles. Find out more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica which is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier, more tart flavor and are often used in coffee blends for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the world's most popular coffee with 75% of the global coffee bean production. Arabica beans are milder and have a sweeter taste than Robusta, and come in a variety of flavor profiles. The taste and aroma components of a particular coffee can vary in a wide range depending on the cultivation conditions and processing techniques employed to produce it.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word that means berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that develop in bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energized after eating these berries, and the cultivation of coffee soon became widespread across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes, and are capable of flourishing when exposed to cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the reasons for why Arabica is regarded as the best-tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on the ethical sourcing of arabica beans, focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to make unique signature coffees that are suitable for a wide range of brewing methods. Blending allows for control over the flavour, aroma and body of the coffee. It is usually preferred to create an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most commonly used variety of coffee bean that is grown worldwide. They have more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against pests and diseases. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acid, which are antioxidants that occur naturally. These acids can cause oxidation in the coffee brewing and produce undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more durable than arabica, and can thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a cheaper crop to grow.

Although it might appear counterintuitive Robusta beans are typically blended with arabica beans to create coffee blends. If you notice the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya listed on a coffee bag then it's likely that there's some robusta in there too.

Most roasters use a mixture of arabica and coffee decaf beans coffee to reduce costs while maintaining quality. To preserve the integrity of flavor you should select the highest quality beans from a trusted source. The best way to achieve this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape similar to a football, which is what makes them distinct from other coffee beans. They have a distinctive aroma that is fruity and floral with smokey undertones. They are often blended with other coffee bean varieties to provide a more intense, fuller flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They can be found at low altitudes and withstand humid, hot climates. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for growing at home. On the internet, you can purchase the seeds from many sources. However, it is recommended to purchase the beans from local producers to ensure high-quality. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee include fertile deep volcano soils that have a pH that is moderately acidic and adequate annual rainfall.

Another type of Organic coffee beans bean is Excelsa that was once considered a distinct species, but has been re-classified as a variation of Liberica. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that grow on 20 to 30-foot coffee plants that are located at medium altitudes. They have a distinctive taste that is both fruity and tart that makes them a popular option in blends made by home. They have a more subtle aroma and caffeine content than Arabica or Robusta but they do have a distinct flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most popular type of coffee beans Excelsa beans aren't as easy to find as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually considered an entirely different species of coffee up until 2006, when they were classified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Currently, they're cultivated primarily in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's coffee production. The coffee beans are shaped in the shape of teardrops and are dark and mysterious in taste. They're typically used in blends to give extra body and a delicious tart, ripe fruit taste.

Arabica beans are the most popular and are known for having an apricot-like flavor. They thrive at high altitudes, and they thrive in warm tropical climates. They have a slight acidity. If brewed correctly and roast, they can have notes of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit.

Robusta is an extremely close second to Arabica and makes up around 40 percent of the world's beans. These beans are smaller and rounder however they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They are also more bitter than the other two varieties and have an earthy, woody taste.

After having learned about the four most popular types you can now select the best brew. If you prefer a smooth and delicate flavor opt for an arabica or a blend of robusta beans and arabica beans.