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Maintaining Timber Windows

A well-maintained wooden window is an essential component of a historical building. It reflects in varying levels, the technology and materials of the time in which it was made, the craftsmanship and architectural taste.

If possible, repairs should be done in-situ. Proprietary resin-based repair systems can be used to fix the most damaged areas of decay without removing the entire window.

Durability

The timber windows in many historical buildings were made to last for hundreds of years. They require regular maintenance to keep them looking good. The most frequently-asked maintenance tasks include sash-cord repairs, re-tightening sash pulleys, and painting. The demand for enhancing windows made of timber to improve efficiency and energy efficiency is also increasing. This may mean replacing old glazing units, fixing existing window mechnism repair rebates or putting up new cills to allow for better air sealing.

One of the major issues with traditional windows is the damage caused by corrosion of the paintwork. This is especially true in the case of sash windows because the gaps between sashes can be quite large. In these instances water may get through the paint film and cause rotting of the putty and underlying wood. Weather conditions that are not ideal can accelerate the decay. To stop this from happening, windows need to be regularly painted with an exterior wood paint.

In addition to repainting, areas that have corroded must be repaired using a resin-based repair product. This will ensure that the highest possible amount of the original fabric remains. It is crucial to reduce the number of holes drilled in the frame to allow cable entry as these can admit moisture and cause decay.

The structural movement of the wall can also lead to distortions in the frame as well as the sash. This could result in the sash not fitting properly, sticking or jamming in the opening and broken glazing. Often this can be corrected by the fitting of new sash boxes made from slow grown deal (pine) or oak. The cill should be constructed of a durable hardwood, such as oak, to prevent shifting between the new and old work.

There are now several companies that manufacture Boston pattern wooden sash that fit in with the majority of openings. They are available in a range of sizes and finishes to meet the requirements of the modern homeowner. These new sash, when combined with quadruple draft strips and a more efficient thermal insulation, could make a significant difference to the energy-efficiency of a home.

Aesthetics

Many old timber windows have a great aesthetic value as they often show, in a particular way the materials and techniques and architectural taste of the time from when they were built. They may also have significant historical value as a set. This is particularly true for windows that were unglazed in the early days of timber-framed buildings, in which the majority were simply a series openings in frames of structural construction, which were divided horizontally by mullions with vertical wood or iron bars to keep out invaders.

Traditional window joinery made from timber can be a stunning element of a structure and it is important to maintain its appearance. As soon as you notice any decay caused by water penetration, it is important to stop it. This is best done by painting thoroughly, especially in areas where there has already been damage or degradation. It is advisable to use paints that are specifically designed to be used as part of the system (primer, undercoat and finish) and follow the manufacturer's guidelines in relation to preparation and the amount of coats needed at each stage.

Wet rot is a typical problem in older timber windows. The best method to stop it from becoming a problem is to take out any damaged or rotten sections as soon as you can to stop the spread of the fungus that causes it. Replace rotting wood with slow-growing deal (pine), and should it be possible, the same kind of timber as the one being removed to prevent differential movement.

In the late the 17th and early the medieval periods, glass became less expensive and more abundant, and the openings for glazed glass in timber-framed buildings gradually became more elegant with wooden tracery moulded mullions, moulded mullions, and deep protruding cills. The glazing was increasingly set within rebated frames and then pinned with 'glazing sprigs', rather than into lead cames. This method of glazing is not only less prone to leaking but it also allows much wider, clearer sheets of glass to be used in windows than would otherwise have been possible without the need for lead lights.

Energy efficiency

Traditional timber windows have excellent energy efficiency due to their thickness and multi-layer construction, as well as meticulous attention to detail. The large glass surfaces, the deep projecting cills and large glazing areas help to reduce air infiltration. Windows can be designed to improve their energy efficiency through draughtproofing and secondary glazing. It is important to keep in mind that these measures need to be considered when it comes to the overall integrity and look of the original windows.

It makes sense to fix or upgrade windows, rather than replacing them, especially when the improvement in thermal efficiency can be achieved by simple repairs. The windows of the past often have an historic value that demonstrates a range of technological advancement and changes in architectural taste. The pressures to replace these windows are usually based on the assumption that the windows of the past will require replacement in the near future, but they are capable of serving for 150, 200 and even 250 years, if properly maintained.

It is essential to realize that decay problems with traditional timber windows can be avoidable with prompt and thorough repairs. It is also essential to recognize damp issues and correct them swiftly to avoid major damage. Early paint deterioration is a major problem because it allows moisture to penetrate the wood and cause wet rot. It is not uncommon for this damage to go unnoticed until paintwork starts to crack or turn curly. However, it could cause structural damage and further decay.

A quality paint will block moisture penetration. It is also necessary to keep the paintwork in good condition to avoid condensation and the growth of mould. Modern synthetic paints pose a problem because they are water-resistant, and can cause mildew to grow in the window mechnism repair frame.

The majority of windows from the past were manufactured from timber containing the majority of sapwood. The timbers will deteriorate rapidly if exposed to rain, but they can be protected with an extensive preservation treatment prior to use. It is important to choose the right type of wood for your location and climate, as these variables will affect the durability of the joinery. Local Window sealing manufacturers have a wide range of timber sash which can be made to fit the historic openings. They are available in the standard Boston pattern or in custom sizes to fit the architectural style of historic structures.

Maintenance

The life of timber windows can be extended significantly through regular inspections, careful redecoration and timely repair. The most common cause of decay is moisture intrusion through the deterioration of paint and putty. This can be prevented by careful painting and the use of a good quality wood preservative.

It is important that repairs to old sash and casement windows are properly executed, and carried out with the minimum disturbance. It is possible to fix several traditional designs of timber windows without having to remove the frame. This should be done as often as is feasible. Remove any peeling or loose paint and lightly sand the surface to improve the "key" of the surface. This will allow the new coating to stick better. It is crucial to not remove old paint layers that may have historical significance.

When a section of wood has rotted, the best solution is to remove it and replace it with timber inserts designed to match existing profiles. The inserted timber should also be treated with wood preservative and the junction between the masonry sub-cill and the timber cill should be sealed.

It is tempting to replace traditional windows with PVC U, particularly when the installer offers an 'all-in-one' installation which includes both replacement and removal in a single day. However, it is vital that the installer of windows replacement has a thorough knowledge of the structure and history of traditional timber frames. This will allow them to make the right suggestions for energy efficiency improvements and other technological advancements that won't harm the character of a historic building. Those providing replacement windows should be registered with a Competent Persons Scheme such as FENSA. This will ensure that the replacement windows are approved as a suitable option under Building Regulations. A skilled carpenter is able to install PVC-u windows that are suited to the original building's style. This is especially true where the windows are located in listed buildings or conservation areas.