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Mesothelioma and Asbestos

Asbestos is a mineral that occurs naturally in the form of thin, long fibers. Workers who are regularly exposed to asbestos are at risk of developing lung diseases like mesothelioma.

It may take decades before symptoms begin to manifest after asbestos exposure. Different asbestos types may cause different symptoms.

Pleural Mesothelioma

Pleural mesothelioma is a cancer that occurs in the outer lung lining (pleura). It is the most frequent mesothelioma type, accounting for up 70 to 79% of all diagnosed cases. This condition causes chest pain, breath shortness, and a feeling of heavyness.

This type of cancer typically caused through exposure to asbestos, which is a cluster of minerals comprised of microscopic fibres. When inhaled, these fibers cause irritation and DNA mutations. The pleura is the area that surrounds the chest cavity and lungs and therefore, these irritations could affect both the lungs as well as the heart of a person. Mesothelioma usually doesn't show symptoms until 30 to 50 years after exposure.

The most common symptoms of pleural melanoma are chest pain and shortness of breath. Patients may have coughing problems, trouble breathing, or chest tightness. People with this cancer often have an history of exposure to asbestos in the workplace. The most common jobs that put people at risk of developing pleural mesothelioma are construction, manufacturing and shipbuilding. People who have worked in the military are at risk because of the extensive asbestos use in Navy ships and bunkers used by the army.

The most popular staging method for pleural mesothelioma is the TNM (tumor lymph nodes, lymph nodes, and metastases) staging system. The stage a patient has when they are diagnosed will aid their doctor in determining the most effective treatment plan for them. For example, patients with mesothelioma pleural stage three or four have a worse prognosis than those in lower stages. Stage four mesothelioma often spreads to the diaphragm, the liver and/or a person's heart. This can make it more difficult to treat and increase the risk of complications for the patient.

Peritoneal Mesothelioma

As opposed to pleural mesothelioma that develops in the lung lining, peritoneal mesothelioma develops in the peritoneum, an elongated membrane that covers the abdominal cavity and organs like the liver and intestines. As with pleural mesothelioma exposure to asbestos is the reason for peritoneal msothelioma. Only 300-500 cases are diagnosed each year which is lower than pleural asbestosis.

As with pleural asbestosis symptoms can take years to manifest. Patients generally suffer from abdominal pain and could also experience a mass in their abdomen. Symptoms of this type of mesothelioma can also include nausea or weight loss, as well as fever. Many of these symptoms could be misinterpreted as digestive issues, leading to a misdiagnosis.

Doctors can identify mesothelioma by examining the patient's medical history and performing a physical examination. Imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans can be used to detect mesothelioma. These tests can detect tumors and other cancer signs that aren't evident on X-rays.

These test results enable doctors to identify mesothelioma, and determine the stage. They also offer treatment options. The staging is determined by the cell type and whether or whether the tumor has spread to other parts of the body.

Asbestos exposure is the most important risk factor. People who have worked in asbestos-containing occupations, like electrical or plumbing work or in construction, manufacturing and manufacturing, are more likely to develop the disease. Even if a person does not work in any of these areas they could be exposed to asbestos through family members or other sources. Anyone who thinks they are at risk should consult an expert. If they have a history of asbestos exposure and mesothelioma is a concern, a specialist will help them find out more about their risk.

Risk Factors

asbestos case (click through the next post) exposure is a major risk factor for mesothelioma, which accounts for as much as 80 percent of cases. Exposure to asbestos may occur through work, military service or by living with a person who works with asbestos claim or was previously exposed to doing the same. Asbestos particles can be inhaled by those who are exposed to it. They can cause irritation to the linings of the abdomen and can cause cancerous cells to form in the mesothelium. Mesothelioma can take anywhere between 15 and 60 years to develop after exposure to asbestos.

Other risk factors include genetics, smoking and age. The people in their 40s or 50s are more at risk of developing mesothelioma as compared to those younger or older. Mesothelioma can take between 20 and 60 years before it manifests cancer symptoms after the first exposure. It is important to note that mesothelioma could occur in those who have been exposed to asbestos, but without having been directly exposed to it. This is known as indirect or secondary asbestos exposure. It can be as dangerous as direct asbestos exposure.

Smoking increases the chance of mesothelioma developing, since it damages mesothelium. It can also make it more vulnerable. Additionally, mesothelioma can be worsened by certain diseases like asbestosis and pneumonia. It is also important to know that mesothelioma is more prevalent in men than women. This is due to the fact that men are more likely to work with asbestos and experience a a longer period of exposure than women. Men are also more likely to have lived with someone who has worked with asbestos, and to have asbestos fibers on their clothing. Women are less likely to come exposed to asbestos, and they are less likely to carry asbestos on their clothing.

Diagnosis

It is difficult to identify mesothelioma because its symptoms are often similar to other diseases. This can result in patients being incorrectly diagnosed.

The first step in diagnosing mesothelioma is for NYU Langone doctors to perform an examination of the body and take down a patient's medical history including asbestos exposure. Doctors may also order an X-ray of the chest or CT scan to look for lumps and other abnormalities as well as evidence of asbestos legal exposure in the past such as pleural plaques (thickened pleura with calcium deposits) and the buildup of fluid between the lung and chest wall (known as the pleural effusion).

Other diagnostic tests include a magnetic resonance image or MRI test, which uses magnets and radio waves to create a series detailed images of the insides of the body. Another method doctors use to diagnose mesothelioma is to perform the procedure of a surgical biopsy. In a surgical biopsy doctors take a small amount of tissue from the peritoneum or pleura for further testing. A pathologist can examine the tissue under microscopes to determine whether it has cancerous cells.

Mesothelioma is classified according to the type of mesothelial cell involved, whether these cells are benign or malignant, and the location of the tumor, its type, and the stage of the tumor. Certain mesothelioma types have an increased chance of metastasizing or spreading and it's crucial to determine the type of mesothelioma to ensure that the doctors can treat it prior to it becoming out of control.

Doctors may also conduct tests in the laboratory on tumors in order to determine specific genes, proteins or other factors that will help them identify cancer characteristics and plan treatment. These results are referred to as staging.

Treatment

A mesothelioma diagnose can be terrifying. It is important to keep in mind that cancer can be treated especially at its early stages. A lot of people suffering from mesothelioma endure the disease for a long time without spreading.

Exposure to asbestos can cause mesothelioma in many ways. Asbestos fibers, which are too small to see or feel through the naked eye, can be airborne and cause irritation to the lung's lining (pleura). Over time, the irritation causes the formation of scar tissue which causes changes in the structure of cells that can eventually grow into tumors.

The pleura surrounds the lungs and heart and the abdomen. Mesothelium is made up of cells that react when exposed to asbestos. They cause inflammation of the tissue and cause it to become scarred. In time, these changes can lead to the development of malignant mesothelioma cancers.

The symptoms of pleural mesothelioma are breathing problems and chest pain, or an accumulation of fluid on the lungs (pleural effusion). In rare instances, cancer can spread into the tissues that surround the reproductive organs as well as the heart.

If imaging scans reveal an area of concern in the stomach or lungs, a doctor will order biopsies. During the procedure, doctors remove small amounts of the fluid or tumor for laboratory testing. The results can confirm the diagnosis of mesothelioma and help determine the best treatment option.

There are a variety of mesothelioma treatment, including chemotherapy, surgery and immunotherapy. Most doctors use the combination of these treatments. Participating in clinical trials of mesothelioma treatments that are new could be beneficial to patients. Patients can find out more by consulting a mesothelioma expert who has treated mesothelioma.