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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different types of plants produce different flavors. Read on to learn about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a sweeter and tarter taste profile, and are often used in blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans account for 75% of all global production. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta. They also come in various flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of a coffee can vary widely depending on the growing conditions and methods of processing employed to produce it.

The word 'coffee' actually derives from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are fruit seeds that grow in bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds found that their goats were energized after eating fruits. The cultivation of coffee grew quickly all over the world.

speciality coffee beans beans can flourish at high altitudes and thrive in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the main reasons why Arabica is regarded as the most delicious coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters concentrate on ethical sourcing of arabica beans. They focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique specialty coffees that can be used in a variety of brewing methods. Blending allows for control over the flavour, aroma, body, and acidity of the coffee. It is typically preferred to create an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most widely used type of coffee bean grown across the globe. They have a higher caffeine content per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. However, these acids could cause oxidation during the coffee brewing process and may result in undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more durable than arabica, able to grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a more cost-effective plant to grow.

Although it may sound contradictory however, arabica and robusta beans are often blended to make coffee blends. If you see the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag, it's likely that there's some robusta in there too.

Although some roasters only use arabica beans but the majority do combine both varieties to lower cost and maintain the quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor it is recommended to select an excellent bean from a reliable source. The best way to do this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape similar to a football that makes them different from other coffee beans. They have a distinct aroma that is fruity and floral with the smoky notes. They are often paired with other speciality coffee beans beans to give an extra, stronger flavor.

Liberica Coffee Beans Types beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They can thrive in low altitudes and can withstand humid, hot climates. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These attributes make them ideal for home cultivation. Online, you can purchase the seeds from many sources. However, it is ideal to purchase the beans from local producers to ensure the highest quality. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants include fertile, deep volcanic soils with moderately acidic pH and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa which was previously considered a separate species but is now classified as a subspecies of Liberica. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that are cultivated on 20 to 30 feet coffee plants at medium altitudes. Their distinctive flavor is sweet and tart, making them a popular option for blends that are house-made. They have a lighter scent and a lower caffeine levels than Arabica or Robusta however they have a unique depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most coveted kind of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't so easy to locate as Arabica or Robusta. They were considered to be distinct species of coffee until 2006, when they were reclassified to be a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Currently, they're cultivated primarily in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's coffee production. These beans have a distinctive teardrop shape and have a dark roast coffee beans, mysterious taste. They're often used in blends to provide extra body and a rich, tart, ripened fruit taste.

Arabica beans are the most sought-after, and are well-known for their an apricot-like flavor. They thrive best at high altitudes, and they thrive in warm tropical climates. They can be a bit acidic. If properly brewed and roasted they can be flavored like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most popular coffee around the world. It accounts for about 40% of the coffee consumed around the world. Robusta is rounder and smaller, but they have more caffeine than Arabica. They are also more bitter than the other two varieties and have a woody, earthy taste.

Now that you've learned the four most commonly used types of coffee beans, it's time to choose your ideal coffee. If you want a smooth, delicate flavor, opt for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.